Cryptocurrency Funds 101: Classification and Compliant Operations

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Cryptocurrency funds have evolved significantly since their inception in 2014, mirroring traditional finance while incorporating blockchain-specific innovations. This guide explores fund classifications, operational frameworks, and compliance best practices.


From Traditional to Cryptocurrency Funds

Funds pool capital for managed investments across primary (VC, PE) and secondary markets. Cryptocurrency funds, exceeding $62B AUM by 2021, now attract institutional players seeking crypto exposure.

Key distinctions:

This series unpacks fund types and operational essentials, starting with classification frameworks.


Cryptocurrency Fund Classifications

By Investment Market

TypeFocus
Primary MarketPre-listing projects, NFTs
Secondary MarketTradable crypto assets

Secondary Market Subcategories

  1. Strategy-Based

    • Beta: Passive (e.g., BTC tracking)
    • Alpha: Neutral (arbitrage/market-making)
    • Beta+Alpha: Active directional bets
    • Fixed Income: Lending/DeFi yield
  2. Trading Methods

    • Manual ↔ Algorithmic ↔ Quant
    • 24/7 markets + cross-exchange arbitrage
  3. Funding Sources

    • Proprietary ↔ Client assets ↔ Regulated vehicles

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Compliant Fund Case Studies

FundJurisdictionStructureKey Features
AnB InvestmentCayman IslandsSPC2.4% fee + 20% high-watermark
Huobi Asset Mgmt.Hong KongSFC-licensedProfessional investors only
ProShares BITO ETFUSAFutures-based ETFDaily disclosures

Operating a Cryptocurrency Fund

Buyer Workflow

  1. Licensing: Jurisdiction-dependent (e.g., SFC Type 9 in HK)
  2. Fund Design: Strategy/fee documentation
  3. Capital Raising: Multi-currency acceptance (USD/USDC/BTC)
  4. Daily Ops:

    • NAV calculations
    • Algorithmic execution
    • Cross-platform risk monitoring
  5. Termination: Investor liquidation

Third-Party Roles


Operational Priorities

Buyer Teams

RoleResponsibilities
Portfolio ManagerMulti-asset tracking + LP reports
TraderExecution optimization
Risk OfficerReal-time delta/VaR monitoring
ComplianceRegulatory filings

Tech Requirements

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FAQ

Q: How do crypto funds differ from hedge funds?
A: They share strategies but face unique challenges like 24/7 markets and DeFi integration.

Q: What's the minimum investment for regulated funds?
A: Typically $100K+ for private funds; ETFs allow retail participation.

Q: Can funds hold NFTs?
A: Yes, but valuation/auditing remain complex.


This 5,000+ word guide combines institutional expertise with actionable frameworks for fund managers. Future series installments will detail strategy-specific operations.